Further details about the study (didn't know if I should post the whole study or not)
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Program adherence
Of the 41 subjects who continued in the study, 27 (66%) reported following the dietary recommendations every day at 2 weeks, 25 (61%) at 12 weeks, and 15 (37%) at 24 weeks.
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These studies are sometimes hard to follow. This is saying that 14 people cheated during the first two weeks, 16 people cheated during the first 12 weeks, and 26 people had cheated by week 24.
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Based on an average of 8 days of food records, the mean daily caloric intake was 1447 ± 350 kcal (range, 801 to 2322 kcal).
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I didn't expect daily calories to be this low because they were told that:
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There was no limit on the amount of caloric intake.
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and they were recommended to eat 1905 calories per day:
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Food intake before the program was not assessed, but based on the subjects' height and sex, the mean calculated recommended number of calories was approximately 1905 ± 239 kcal/d [14].
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The mean daily diet composition was 23 ± 10 g of carbohydrate (range, 8 to 55 g), 115 ± 29 g of protein (range, 63 to 229 g), and 98 ± 27 g of fat (range, 42 to 168 g).
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They averaged 23 g carb per day.
They were also told to take Atkins Basic #3, Essential Oils, and a Diet formula supplement plus chromium, but only 18-20 people out of 41 took them everyday.
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Eighteen (44%) of 41 subjects reported taking the nutritional supplements every day as directed at 2 weeks, 19 (46%) at 12 weeks, and 20 (49%) at 24 weeks.
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They were told to do 20 minutes of aerobic exercise three times per week, but only half did it.
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Twenty-one (51%) reported following the exercise recommendation of exercising 3 or more times per week on average throughout the study period.
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Ketonuria is just another word for ketosis. Everyone had ketones in the urine. Most had moderate to trace, 8 were purple, 13 were trace or less.
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All 41 subjects developed ketonuria. Eight subjects had a mean level of ketosis greater than "moderate" ketonuria (3), 20 subjects had "moderate" to "trace" ketonuria (between 1 and 3), and 13 subjects averaged "trace" ketonuria or less (1).
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The level of ketosis (how purple) was suggestive of how well they stuck to the diet.
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The level of ketonuria was strongly correlated with self-reported dietary adherence (P = 0.002), but not with nutritional supplement adherence or exercise adherence.
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Two people didn't lose weight, but 39 did. Most people lost 10-15% of their weight. This looks like from the charts about 15-20 lbs each (but don't quote me). They suggest that those who adhered the best to the diet and stayed in ketosis lost the most weight.
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Body weight
Thirty-nine (95%) of the 41 subjects who participated through 24 weeks lost weight. The overall body weight change from baseline to 24 weeks was -10.3% ± 5.9% (P <0.001; range, 0% to 20.2%), representing a mean decrease in body mass index of 3.2 ± 1.9 kg/m2 (range, 0 to 6.9 kg/m2) and in body weight of 9.0 ± 5.3 kg (range, 0 to 18.6 kg; Figure 2). Nine subjects (22%) lost from 0% to 5% of body weight, 10 (24%) lost from 5% to 10%, 11 (27%) lost from 10% to 15%, 9 (22%) lost from 15% to 20%, and 2 (5%) lost >20% of body weight. Weight loss correlated with dietary adherence (P <0.01) and ketonuria (P <0.01), but not with nutritional supplement or exercise adherence.
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The last sentence was saying that supplements and exercise had nothing to do with weight loss, only adherence to the diet did.
Hybrid Mode
