Why sugar alcohols cause a stall.... Net Carbs...
Here's what I've learned from personal experience as well as reading from DANDR:
Carbs are used in nutritional jargon for all sorts of things, not all of them caloric, digestible, or with the same effects on insulin. When the nutrition breakdown of foods is done, fat and protein analysis counts exactly fat and protein. Whatever else is left in the food is termed "carbohydrate" but as I mentioned not all of the "carbohydrates" are truly nutritional or have the same composition. Maybe that helps to explain why there is such a confusion about carbohydrates.
A basic safe rule of thumb for net carbs for a low carb dieter who is trying to lose weight is total carbs minus fiber. Fiber doesn't have any effect on insulin, nor is it caloric. It just passes through your system. So if you are doing low carb (Atkins induction, for example, is 20 grams), you subtract the fiber to see where you are. Now I know that there is soluble and non-digestible fiber, but in my experience that is a negligible distinction and won't affect a stall.
The more controversial net carbs pertains to subtracting non-nutritive but caloric sweetners like sugar alcohols (maltitol--which can make you gassy), glycerine, and other caloric sweetners, and alcohol itself that do not have a rapid rise effect on blood glucose and thus do not cause the same insuln spike (and subsequent fat building) that a standard carbohydrate would. They do have calories, however.
If you are doing a low carb plan like Atkins to lose weight, your body is supposed to switch from primarily burning glucose, to burning ketones instead, and ketones are the byproduct of burning fat cells. So if you are in ketosis (not to be confused with ketoacidosis), you are efficiently burning fat for fuel. By keeping net carbohydrates at a minimum, you keep in ketosis and burn your fat stores. Glucose + insulin is the building block of your fat cells. So a person who eats more carbohydrates than are burned from activity is having the glucose + insulin fat building taking place in the background. Whenever there is an insulin spike and blood sugar goes down, this stimulates hunger/cravings/appetite. So the reason you are hungry an hour after eating a plate of fried rice is that the carbs were metabolized with an insulin spike but there was not enough protein and fat to sustain an even blood glucose level, and when the blood glucose goes radically down to compensate for the high rise from the rise, you get hungry. White Rice is a high glycemic carbohydrate.
Now the problem with net carbs that subtract sugar alcohols, or alcohol, etc., is that as a rule your body will always burn available nutritive carbohydrates first before burning fat. So, if you are eating a chocolate bar that has 20 grams of maltitol in it, although you probably won't gain any extra weight from it because your insulin/glucose spike didn't occur (which may be appropriate for weight maintenance), you will still have to burn off the malititol before burning off the ketones. Thus you get knocked out of or slowed in ketosis.
So if you are in Induction or OWL, I would suggest that to help keep you to the plan that you don't subtract the sugar alcohols for your net carbs and you will get a more accurate picture of your metabolism. I think Dr. Atkins original premise was correct when it comes to stimulating weight loss.
My mother was eating 3 lc chocolate bars a day and wondering why she was stalled out of weight loss... well 3 lc chocolate bars probably have 60 grams of sugar alcohols. That's going to knock her out of ketosis for sure. Add that to her other 20-odd net carbs and she is consuming 80 grams of carbohydrates. Without sufficient additional exercise, she can maintain with that load, which she did, but is likely not to lose weight--plus she has added empty non-nutritive calories to her diet.
I also think that getting knocked out of ketosis by sugar alcohols (since appetite is suppressed by ketosis) also causes your appetite to surge since you are back on a carbohydrate-fueled system and stimulates the sweet cravings to seriously kick in.
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