Practical implications:

1. Drink wine (alcohol-free wine may be better, heart-wise).
2. Eat blueberries.

Research implications:

The scientists were expecting to see less oxidation in the plaques. What they found were a lot fewer plaques in the anti-ox group, but those fewer plaques were just as oxidized.

Perhaps plaques form in part because the cholesterol oxidizes, and the anti-oxidants were preventing some of that. This seems more likely to me than the NO2 alternative they suggest.

I would've loved to see this study w/ 6 groups of mice:

1. Wine
2. Alcohol alone
3. Alcohol-free wine
4. Alcohol remixed with Alcohol-free wine (should be similar to wine if the alcohol-removing process didn't damage the resulting Alcohol-free wine)
5. Grape juice
6. Water

This might have teased out more details as to what was going on.